Intersex
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3:21 |
14:57 |
12:20 |
14:11 |
11:01 |
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One in 5,000 |
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Hermaphrodite
What Intersex is not
The prevalence of intersex depends
on which definition is used
“I
Want to Be Like Nature Made Me” Medically Unnecessary
Surgeries on Intersex Children in the US July 25,
2017 - 160 page PDF
The Heartbreak Of Not Having A
Vagina
YouTube Star Reveals She Has Two
Vaginas
Woman Born
With No Vagina Hopes To Have
Children
The Heartache Of Having
Two Vaginas
Malta Becomes First Country to Ban
Intersex Genital Cutting
Tennis Controversy: Female Player
(with Male Past)
Alice, from Holland, has Androgen
Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
Going beyond X and Y (Scientific
American)
Statistics of intersex
frequency
Notable intersex
people
Parents sue South Carolina for
surgically making child female
Assigned to be a girl, but identifying
as a boy
Intersex and Christian
Theology
The Heartbreak Of Not Having A Vagina
YouTube Star Reveals She Has Two Vaginas
Woman Born With No Vagina Hopes To Have Children
The Heartache Of Having Two Vaginas
Talking
About Transgender People & Restrooms
- A 13 page pdf
Images and Charts: One
| Two
| Three
| Four
| Five
Resources
Bookmarks
LGBT & Gender Non-Conforming (GNC) Girls Face in the CriminL Justicer System
Bisexuality in America
Transgender in America
Technically, intersex is defined as "congenital anomaly of the reproductive and sexual system." Intersex people are born with external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, and/or endocrine system that are different from most other people. About 1 in 1,500 to one in 2,000 babies are born visibly intersexed. But a lot more people than that are born with subtler forms of sex anatomy variations, some of which won’t show up until later in life.
Just one of hundreds of varients.
The current medical protocol calls for the surgical "reconstruction" of these different but healthy bodies to make them "normal," but this practice has become increasingly controversial as adults who went through the treatment report being physically, emotionally, and sexually harmed by such procedures. There is no single "intersex body"; it encompasses a wide variety of conditions that do not have anything in common except that they are deemed "abnormal" by the society. What makes intersex people similar is their experiences of medicalization, not biology. Intersex is not an identity. While some intersex people do reclaim it as part of their identity, it is not a freely chosen category of gender--it can only be reclaimed. Most intersex people identify as men or women, just like everybody
Are intersex people "third gender"?
Many people with intersex conditions identify solidly as a man or as a woman, like many non-intersex people. There are some who identify as a member of an alternative gender, like some non-intersex people. While we support everyone's right to define her or his own identities, we do not believe that people with intersex conditions should be expected to be gender-transgressive just because of their condition.
What is the difference between "hermaphrodite" and "intersex"?
In biology, "hermaphrodite" means an organism that has both "male" and "female" sets of reproductive organs (like snails and earthworms). In humans, there are no actual "hermaphrodites" in this sense, although doctors have called people with intersex conditions "hermaphrodites" because intersex bodies do not neatly comform to what doctors define as the "normal" male or female bodies. We find the word "hermaphrodite" misleading, mythologizing, and stigmatizing. Although some intersex activists do reclaim and use this term to describe themselves, it is not an appropriate term to refer to intersex people in general. In short, snails are the hermaphrodites; humans are not. Also, please avoid using the word "intersexual" as a noun; we prefer "intersex people" or "people with intersex conditions/experiences."
Are intersex conditions harmful?
In general, intersex conditions do not cause the person
to feel sick or in pain. However, some intersex conditions
are associated with serious health issues, which need to be
treated medically. Surgically "correcting" the appearance of
intersex genitals will not change these underlying medical
needs.
Can't they just do a test to find out babies' true
sex?
Medicine cannot determine the baby's "true sex." For
example, chromosomes do not necessarily dictate one's gender
identity, as it is obvious from the fact that most people
born with androgen insensitivity syndrome live as women
despite their XY chromosomes. In other words: science can
measure how large a clitoris is, but cannot conclude how
large or small it needs to be. That is a social
determination.
Beside stopping cosmetic genital surgeries, what are
intersex activists working toward?
Surgery is just part of a larger pattern of how intersex
children are treated; it is also important to stop shame,
secrecy and isolation that are socially and medically
imposed on children born with intersex conditions under the
theory that the child is better off it they didn't hear
anything about it. Therefore, it's not enough to simply stop
the surgery; we need to replace it with social and
psychological support as well as open and honest
communication.
What is the correct pronoun for intersex people?
Pronouns should not be based on the shape of one's
genitalia, but on what the person prefers to be called. For
children too young to communicate what her/his preference
is, go with the gender assignment parents and doctor agreed
on based on their best prediction. Do not call intersex
children "it," because it is dehumanizing.
Is intersex part of the trans community?
While some people with intersex conditions also identify
as trans, intersex people as a group have a unique set of
needs and priorities beyond those shared with trans people.
Too often, these unique needs are made invisible or
secondary when "intersex" becomes a subcategory of
"transgender". For example, people who discuss about
intersex in the context of transgender often stress the risk
of assigning a "wrong" gender as an argument against
intersex genital mutilation, which overlooks the fact that
intersex medical treatment is painful and traumatic whether
or not one's gender identity happens to match her or his
assigned gender. It is for this reason that intersex people
prefer to have "intersex" spelled out explicitly rather than
have it included in the "transgender" umbrella.
The
prevalence of intersex depends on which definition is
used.
According to the ISNA definition above, 1 percent of
live births exhibit some degree of sexual ambiguity,
approximately one in every hundred births. Between 0.1% and
0.2% of live births are ambiguous enough to become the
subject of specialist medical attention, including surgery
to disguise their sexual ambiguity.
What's so significant about October 26?
On October 26, 1996, intersex activists from Intersex
Society of North America (carrying the sign "Hermaphrodites
With Attitude") and our allies from Transexual Menace held
the first public intersex demonstration in Boston, where
American Academy of Pediatrics was holding its annual
conference. The action generated a lot of press coverage,
and made it difficult for the medical community to continue
to neglect our growing movement. That said, events related
to Intersex
Awareness Day
can take place throughout October and does not necessarily
have to be on the 26th.
It's great! How can I help?
First, join our email
discussion list
(we suggest the digest format if you want to keep the number
of emails you receive under control). Then, look at our
Get
Involved
section to see if there is already any IAD events scheduled
for your area. If so, go and help them; if not, find a local
organization that will sponsor the event--for example, try
LGBT group in your city or college campus--and help them
bring IAD to your city! We have "suggestions" for what
activities to do, but what you will do is entirely up to you
and your neighbors (and please tell us if you think of any
great idea!) E-Mail
Intersex” is a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male.
It is not "Hermanphroditism," as this is a complete set of femal and male reproductive organs, which is impossible in humans.It is not "transgender" or "transsexual," as gender identity and sex are not the same things, just like gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same.
It is not a disease or health prolem, nor does it cause diseases or health problems.
6:24The Heartbreak Of Not Having A
Vagina
A young woman born without a vagina hopes to have a life-changing surgery that would allow her to have sex with her boyfriend and, in her own words, "feel like a woman.” Kaylee Moats, 22, from Gilbert, Arizona, was born with Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH), which means she has no cervix, uterus, or vaginal opening.
Source: www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxUJNXdCNGE
5:05
YouTube Star Reveals She Has
Two Vaginas
YOUTUBE star Cassandra Bankson was amazed to
discover that she has TWO vaginas during a routine kidney
scan. Cassandra has been afflicted by severe acne since she
was a teenager and even had to leave school because the
bullying got so bad. But the 22-year-old – who also
works as an international fashion model - shocked her fans
last year when she announced the discovery of her second
vagina on her channel DiamondsAndHeels14.
7:34Woman
Born With No Vagina Hopes To Have Children
A young woman who was born without a vagina is speaking out
about her condition – and is now hoping to become a
mother. Devan Merck was devastated after finding out she had
no vagina when she was just 12-years-old. The 23-year-old
was diagnosed with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
syndrome meaning she had no vaginal canal, a malformed
uterus and no cervix. Surgeons created a
‘man-made’ vagina using skin taken from her bottom
- allowing her to have sex and lead a normal life. And now
Devan and her husband Trent, from Georgia, USA, are hoping
to start a family with the help of a surrogate.
5:37The Heartache Of Having Two
Vaginas
A Young nurse was shocked to discover her constant pelvic pain was due to her having two vaginas. Nicci Triefenbach, 32, found out that her vaginal cavity was split in two – and that she had two uteruses, two cervix and two vaginal canals.The rare condition, called uterus didelphus, affects just one per cent of women and left Nicci, from St Louis, Missouri, feeling like a ‘circus freak’.
Historically, the term hermaphrodite has also been used to describe ambiguous genitalia and gonadal mosaicism in individuals of gonochoristic species, especially human beings. The word intersex has come into preferred usage for humans, since the word hermaphrodite is considered to be misleading and stigmatizing,[4][5] as well as "scientifically specious and clinically problematic".[6]
4 Dreger, Alice Domurat (1999). Intersex in the age of ethics (Ethics in Clinical Medicine Series ed.). Hagerstown, Md.: Univ. Publ. Group. ISBN 978-1555721008.
5.Jump up ^ "Is a person who is intersex a hermaphrodite?". Intersex Society of North America. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
6.Jump up ^ Herndon, April. "Getting Rid of
"Hermaphroditism" Once and For All". Intersex Society of
North America. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaphrodite
6:24The Heartbreak Of Not Having A
Vagina
A young woman born without a vagina hopes to have a life-changing surgery that would allow her to have sex with her boyfriend and, in her own words, "feel like a woman.” Kaylee Moats, 22, from Gilbert, Arizona, was born with Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH), which means she has no cervix, uterus, or vaginal opening.
Source: www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxUJNXdCNGE
5:05YouTube Star Reveals She Has
Two Vaginas
YOUTUBE star Cassandra Bankson was amazed to discover
that she has TWO vaginas during a routine kidney scan.
Cassandra has been afflicted by severe acne since she was a
teenager and even had to leave school because the bullying
got so bad. But the 22-year-old – who also works as an
international fashion model - shocked her fans last year
when she announced the discovery of her second vagina on her
channel DiamondsAndHeels14.
7:34Woman
Born With No Vagina Hopes To Have Children
A young woman who was born without a vagina is speaking out
about her condition – and is now hoping to become a
mother. Devan Merck was devastated after finding out she had
no vagina when she was just 12-years-old. The 23-year-old
was diagnosed with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
syndrome meaning she had no vaginal canal, a malformed
uterus and no cervix. Surgeons created a
‘man-made’ vagina using skin taken from her bottom
- allowing her to have sex and lead a normal life. And now
Devan and her husband Trent, from Georgia, USA, are hoping
to start a family with the help of a surrogate.
5:37The Heartache Of Having Two
Vaginas
A Young nurse was shocked to discover her constant
pelvic pain was due to her having two vaginas. Nicci
Triefenbach, 32, found out that her vaginal cavity was split
in two – and that she had two uteruses, two cervix and
two vaginal canals.The rare condition, called uterus
didelphus, affects just one per cent of women and left
Nicci, from St Louis, Missouri, feeling like a ‘circus
freak’.
Malta Becomes First Country to Ban
Intersex Genital Cutting
This is a landmark case for intersex rights within
European law reform
On the 1st of April 2015 a historic reform is taking place within the Maltese law code. With the Gender Identity, Gender Expression And Sex Characteristics Act, historic steps are being taken to bring forth an end to non-medically necessary, cosmetic genital surgeries on intersex infants driven by social expectations enforced by the binary sex model. A key factor of the new law pertaining to protection for intersex individuals can be found in article 15.1-15.2.
“15. (1) It shall be not be lawful for medical practitioners or other professionals to conduct any sex assignment treatment and, or surgical intervention on the sex characteristics of a minor which treatment and, or intervention can be deferred until the person to be treated can provide informed consent.
(2) In exceptional circumstances treatment may be effected once there is an agreement between the Interdisciplinary Team and the persons exercising parental authority or tutor of the minor who is still unable to provide consent: Provided that medical intervention which is driven by social factors without the consent of the individual concerned will be in violation of this Act.”
By making these procedures unlawful until the individual can provide informed consent Malta is taking vital steps to ensure that the individual’s primary rights to self- determination, bodily integrity and personal dignity are respected. For the first time in history intersex individuals will no longer be forced to endure arbitrary surgical sex assignment based on sociological factor´s. The past has seen national, theoretical and personal attitudes towards gender, surgical limitations and best guesses guide the process of gender assignment, of intersex infants worldwide, with dire sociological consequences and a lifetime of physical health complications for many following socially driven surgical intervention. With research showing that parental decision making is influenced greatly by information provided, no adverse effects of non-surgical intervention being found, poor surgical outcomes and satisfaction rates and almost no real research substantiating surgical intervention this timely law reform is finally acknowledging that purely social factors are being used as the basis for surgical interventions.
Malta´s express acknowledgement of the social factors driving the surgical intervention of intersex infant´s sex characteristic´s is to be applauded as a first, worldwide, in affording intersex infant´s protection from so called reparative therapies. However while leading the way in this form of reform Malta must careful to take great care to ensure that social attitudes towards atypical sex characteristics do not lead interventions aimed at “fixing” or “repairing” a child, thus flouting this law and discriminating against individuals on the basis of their sex characteristics not being found socially acceptable.
Simultaneously the new bill addressed gender identity and expression extensively and we are pleased that our Trans friends and allies are afforded greater protection, dignity and guaranteed a life of self-determination by the adoption of the reform found within the bill.
OII-Europe emphatically urges the governments of other nations, along with the European Parliament and other law making entities to look towards the Malta law reform and adopt similar reform within their own countries and areas, ending decades of abusive reparative and gender confirming surgical intervention, taking place worldwide.
About OII-EUROPE
OII Europe (Organisation Intersex International Europe) is the umbrella organisation of European human rights based intersex organisations. OII Europe was founded on Human Rights Day, 10 December, during the Second Intersex Forum at Stockholm in 2012.
OII Europe is an autonomous affiliate of OII
(Organisation Internationale des Intersexués), a
decentralised global network of intersex organisations,
which was founded in 2003 and has operated since then
through its national groups in every region of the
world.
Source: Press Release
Tennis Controversy: Female Player
(with Male Past)
Who does a person born with both male and female sex organs, but who identifies as one gender, compete against in sex-segregated sporting events?
Sarah Gronert, a 22-year-old tennis pro from Germany who was born with both male and female genitalia, has chosen to compete against women, and that has some in the tennis community up in arms. "There is no girl who can hit serves like that, not even Venus Williams," says the coach of an opponent Gronert recently beat. The coach, Schlomo Tzoref, also claims, "This is not a woman, it's a man." Is Tzoref just a disgruntled coach, trying to stir up controversy, or is there any validity to his claim? What makes a man a man, and what makes a woman a woman -- and how does being either affect one's ability to win?
The Olympics has one answer; the WTA has another; across
the board at national and international levels there seems
to be a free-for-all in deciding how to allow players who do
not fit into the binary division of traditionally defined
female and male to compete. Meanwhile, science has its own
explanations and advice for the sports community.
Source: www.aolhealth.com/condition-center/womens-sexual-health/gender-controversy-intersex-conditions/
Going beyond X and Y (Scientific
American)
The June 2007 issue of Scientific American features a profile of Eric Vilain MD (a world renowned genetic researcher, pediatric endocrinologist, and member of ISNA’s Medical Advisory Board). The article, "Going beyond X and Y", discusses the recent international medical consensus which agreed to drop the term “hermaphrodite” in favor of the more neutral “disorders of sex development” (DSD).
Source: www.runet.edu/~mpbaker/Wmst101links.htm
Alice, from Holland, has Androgen
Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) Alice has XY chromosomes, which is the norm for
males, as opposed to XX for females. When she was
17, Alice went to the doctor to find out why she
still hadn't got her first period. He sent her on
to a hospital for a test. As the test was being
administered, she saw the technician frown; he said
that the machine didn't seem to be working, and
they had better move to another room and try
another machine. Again, there seemed to be
something wrong. The technician left the room to
call a doctor. The doctor looked at the machine,
frowned too, and then did an internal check up.
What he found was nothing. In Alice's body, he
found no womb, no uterus, no ovaries. Nothing. It
was only then that Alice discovered she had AIS.
Although she has XY chromosomes, being insensitive
to testosterone, she developed in a female
direction. Complete AIS means that the person will
look absolutely female from the outside. However
AIS is only one of about 75 different intersex
conditions.
Parents sue South Carolina for
surgically making child female
The adoptive parents of a child born with male and female organs say South Carolina mutilated their son by choosing a gender and having his male genitalia surgically removed.
The surgery took place when the child was 16 months old and a ward of the state, according to a lawsuit filed by the parents against three doctors and several members of the South Carolina Department of Social Services.
The child's biological mother was deemed unfit, and the biological father had apparently abandoned him, according to the suit. So others made the decision.
The child, now 8 years old, feels more like a boy and "wants to be a normal boy," said Pamela Crawford, the boy's adoptive mother.
"It's become more and more difficult, just as his identity has become more clearly male, the idea that mutilation was done to him had become more and more real," she said in a video released by the Southern Poverty Law Center, which is assisting in the case.
"There was no medical reason that this decision had to be made at this time."
Marilyn Matheus, a spokeswoman for the South Carolina Department of Social Services, said the agency does not have any comment on the pending litigation.
The defendants named in the suit also include doctors from Medical University of South Carolina and Greenville Memorial Hospital.
Sandy Dees, a spokeswoman for the Greenville Health
System, said she could not comment because of the
litigation.
Source: Source: Email from Attorneys
for the Rights of the Child
Assigned to be a girl, but identifying
as a boy
The child, identified in the lawsuit as "M.C.," refuses to be called a girl and lives as a boy. His family, friends, school, religious leaders and pediatrician support his identity.
"We just let him follow his instincts as much as we can," his adoptive father, John Mark Crawford, said in the video.
Pamela Crawford said performing gender assignment surgery on a baby robbed her child of the ability to make the decision for himself.
"I would have never made the decision to choose the gender either way," she said. "What I would have been working with is how do we preserve as much functioning in either direction because we can't know what this child's gender identity is going to be."
The lawsuit claims doctors at a state hospital and Department of Social Services workers "decided to remove M.C.'s healthy genital tissue and radically restructure his reproductive organs in order to make his body appear to be female."
The suit says the surgery violated the 14th Amendment, which says that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law."
The suit also asks for "compensatory damages in an amount to be determined at trial."
But the adoptive father said the real intent of the lawsuit "is just to uphold these constitutional principles -- integrity of a person's body, and some kind of due process for infants where people around them in power are considering doing surgeries like this."
Pamela Crawford agreed. "I would give anything for this
to not have been done to our child," she said. "I don't want
it to happen to any more kids."
Source: Email from Attorneys for the
Rights of the Child
Intersex and Christian
Theology
Over the summer, I spent many hours combing through
Megan DeFranza’s fascinating sex differencebook Sex
Difference in Christian Theology: Male, Female, and Intersex
in the Image of God. I don’t think I’m being
overly dramatic when I say that Megan’s book is quite
simply one of the most important and challenging books
I’ve read in the last couple years. This is why
I’m going to spend a few blogs interacting with it.
Let me say upfront that I consider Megan to be a friend. We don’t know each other very well, but our interactions have been both engaging and humanizing. Megan is a very kind person and it’s clear that she’s passionate about Jesus and his kingdom. And I’m very honored that she wrote a gracious endorsement for my forthcoming book People to Be Loved, even though we come to different conclusions on several interpretive issues related to homosexuality.
I also want to acknowledge that Megan’s book interacts with a large body of research that I’ve yet to engage. In many ways, I don’t feel very qualified to interact with her book—like Dusty Bottoms when he was handed that massive pistola at El Guapo’s birthday party in The Three Amigos. But I still want to interact with her book. In fact, I need to. Her arguments are quite compelling and her claims so significant that it would be irresponsible for me not to interact with to her work. But as I do, I’m going to be completely open and honest about my ignorance with many things she discusses. Hopefully I can learn more about her perspective, because there were several places where I found myself scratching my head thinking, “I don’t know; this just doesn’t seem right.”
Dr. Megan DeFranza
As the title suggests, Megan (pronounced MEE-gan, BTW) explores the significance of sex-difference in Christian theology in light of the presence of intersex persons. Intersex is a newer term that has replaced the older term “hermaphrodite.” Intersex persons are born with some sort of ambiguous biological sex. They don’t fit neatly into the categories of male or female. For instance, some people are born with XY (male) chromosomes, but have external female genitalia. Or they are born with ambiguous male or female genitalia. Or in some cases, their genitalia appears to be male (or female) at birth, but after puberty they begin to experience hormonal changes typical of the opposite sex. A “boy” who looks like a boy and experiences life as a boy during childhood may develop some female biological traits upon puberty (see Sex Difference ch. 1 for more details).
This certainly challenges my assumptions about sexuality. Do we determine someone’s biological sex based on chromosomes or genitalia? What if a baby has gonads and a uterus? Is it a boy or girl? In the case of genital ambiguity, who gets to decide what sex the baby is? Could it be that some people are born neither male or female?
Megan spends more than 40 pages exploring all the different intersex conditions; there’s no way I can do justice to the complexity in this short blog. Her discussion is super helpful and delves into some complicated issues without being overly technical. What I love most about her approach—something that’s woven throughout the entire book—is her compassion and empathy for intersex people. She’s doesn’t treat them like some issue, and she avoids using intersex people as evidence for her larger argument about human sexuality. She treats them like they deserve to be treated: like real people created in God’s beautiful image. I love that she includes testimonies of people who are intersex throughout the book, letting their voices shape our heart and mind on the question of sexuality.
Megan’s overarching point is that the presence of intersex people challenges the common binary model of sexuality. Not everyone is either male or female. “The simplistic binary model is no longer sufficient,” Megan says. “It is dishonest to the diversity of persons created in the image of God” (p. 67). Now you may think that this goes against Christian teaching. The Bible clearly says that people are either male or female. But Megan spends a good deal of time looking at what the Bible says about Eunuchs (Isa 56)—especially “naturally born Eunuchs” (Matt 19)—as a lens to explore the possibility that some people are neither male nor female. “By recovering the concept of the eunuch, theologians will find fresh avenues for rethinking the meanings of sex and gender for theological anthropology…” (p. 67).
The rest of Megan’s book digs into history, theology, biblical studies, sociology, and various other relevant fields in order to challenge the simplistic binary model of human sexuality that most Christians assume to be true. There’s no way I can sum up everything she says. You’ve got to read this book for yourself. But be warned: It will take you a while to digest it. The book is nearly 300 pages of thick research. Yet in my opinion, it’ll be time very spent.
In short, Megan argues that we have wrongly forced “sexual others” into a male/female binary system. Society has done this. Christians have done this. And yet the Bible itself celebrates sexual others (e.g. Eunuchs) as possessing God’s image and becoming full participants in God’s kingdom—without being forced to identify as male or female.
If Megan is right, then her conclusions will have massive consequences for how we think about sex difference, sexuality, gender, homosexuality, and other related topics. Are male and female the only two sexes? If sex difference is necessary for marriage, then who should intersex persons marry when sex differences aren’t clear? Does the presence of intersex persons validate those who identity as gender fluid or non-binary transgender (i.e. they don’t identify as male or female)?
Christians can’t just shove their fingers in their
ears and say, “No! No! LahLahLahLahLah…” We
need to interact with these questions in order to cultivate
a robust Christian anthropology. Megan has done the church a
great service in raising many good questions that most of us
have never considered.
Source: www.patheos.com/blogs/theologyintheraw/2015/10/intersex-and-christian-theology/
Statistics of intersex frequency
Note that the frequency of some of these conditions, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, differs for different populations. These statistics are approximations.
|
Not XX and not XY |
one in 1,666 births |
|
Klinefelter (XXY) |
one in 1,000 births |
|
Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
one in 13,000 births |
|
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome |
one in 130,000 births |
|
Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
one in 13,000 births |
|
Late onset adrenal hyperplasia |
one in 66 individuals |
|
Vaginal agenesis |
one in 6,000 births |
|
Ovotestes |
one in 83,000 births |
|
Idiopathic (no discernable medical cause) |
one in 110,000 births |
|
Iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment, for instance progestin administered to pregnant mother) |
no estimate |
|
5 alpha reductase deficiency |
no estimate |
|
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis |
no estimate |
|
Complete gonadal dysgenesis |
one in 150,000 births |
|
Hypospadias (urethral opening in perineum or along penile shaft) |
one in 2,000 births |
|
Hypospadias (urethral opening between corona and tip of glans penis) |
one in 770 births |
|
Total number of people whose bodies differ from standard male or female |
one in 100 births |
|
Total number of people receiving surgery to “normalize” genital appearance |
one or two in 1,000 births |
|
|
|
|
uterus didelphus - two vaginas |
1% of women |
|
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. (MRKH), which means she has no cervix, uterus, or vaginal opening |
no estimate |
- Cheryl
Chase
(activist), intersex activist
- Erik
Schinegger ,
alpine skier
- Jim
Sinclair
- Lady
Colin Campbell ,
British aristocrat and author of Guide to Being a
Modern Lady
- Edinanci
Silva ,
judoka and Gold medalist in the woman's half-heavyweight
division at the Pan-American games.
Books
- "Intersex in the Age of Ethics" ed. by Alice Dreger
- "Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex" by Alice Dreger
- "Sexing the Body" by Anne Fausto-Sterling
- "Lessons from the Intersexed" by Suzanne Kessler
- "As Nature Made Him" by John Colapinto
Films (Available through available from ISNA)
- "Total Patient Care"
- "Hermaphrodites Speak!"
- Is it a Boy or a Girl? (Discovery Channel)
- San Francisco Human Rights Commission Hearings
- Talking Back to Science: Art, Science, and the Personal
- The Child with an Intersex Condition: Total Patient Care
- XXXY - A short documentary about intersex (view
online
)
- Yellow for Hermaphrodites: Mani's Story
Web Sites
- Intersex Society of North America Contains
information about intersexed persons. The society is an
activist group that works to eliminate surgical
intervention before the intersexed person is ready to
make an independent decision about his or her body.
isna.org
- Intersex
Initiative
- Bodies Like
Ours
- AIS Support
Group UK
- MRKH.org
- Intersexuality
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