Misandry
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mis·an·dry /mi'sandre/. noun: misandry. dislike
of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against men
Misandry
Ironic Misandry: Why Feminists
Pretending to Hate Men Isnt Funny
48 surprisingly damaging things that
men hear all the time
Incels
Misandry
Misandry (/m?'sændri/), from the Greek misos
(µ?s??, "hatred") and aner, andros (????, gen. ??d???;
"man"), is the hatred or dislike of men or
boys.[1][2] Misandry can be manifested in
numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration
of men, violence against men, or sexual
objectification[3] of men. The term misandrist was
first used in 1871.
Contents
1 Origins
2 "Patriarchal" and "disposable"
males
3 Radical feminism
4 Research with references to the
origins of misandry
5 Criticism of the use of the
term
6 In literature 6.1 Ancient Greek
literature
6.2 Shakespeare
6.3 Charles Dickens
6.4 Modern literature
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Origins
Misandry, a word which appeared in the nineteenth
century, is parallel in form to 'misogyny'. The form
"misandrist" was first used in The Spectator magazine in
April 1871.[4] It appeared in Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.) in 1952. Translation of the
French "Misandrie" to the German "Männerhaß"
(Hatred of Men)[5] is recorded in 1803.[6]
Misandry is formed from the Greek misos (µ?s??,
"hatred") and aner, andros (????, gen. ??d???;
"man").[7]
"Patriarchal" and "disposable"
males
Activist Warren Farrell has written of his views on how
men are uniquely marginalized in what he calls their
"disposability", the manner in which the most dangerous
occupations, notably soldiering and mining, were
historically performed exclusively by men and remain so
today. In his book, The Myth of Male Power, Farrell argues
that patriarchal societies do not make rules to benefit men
at the expense of women. Farrell contends that nothing is
more telling about who has benefited from "men's rules" than
life expectancy, which is lower in males, and suicide rates,
which are higher in males.[8]
Religious Studies professors Paul Nathanson and Katherine
Young made similar comparisons in their 2001 three-book
series Beyond the Fall of Man,[9] which refers to
misandry as a "form of prejudice and discrimination that has
become institutionalized in North American society", saying
"The same problem that long prevented mutual respect between
Jews and Christians, the teaching of contempt, now prevents
mutual respect between men and women."[citation
needed]
Radical feminism
Academic Alice Echols, in her 1989 book Daring To Be Bad:
Radical Feminism in America, 19671975, argued that
radical feminist Valerie Solanas, best known for her
attempted murder of Andy Warhol in 1968, displayed an
extreme level of misandry compared to other radical
feminists of the time in her tract, The SCUM Manifesto.
Echols stated,
Solanas's unabashed misandryespecially her
belief in men's biological inferiorityher
endorsement of relationships between 'independent women,'
and her dismissal of sex as 'the refuge of the mindless'
contravened the sort of radical feminism which prevailed
in most women's groups across the
country.?[10]
Andrea Dworkin criticized the biological determinist
strand in radical feminism that in 1977 she found "with
increasing frequency in feminist circles" which echoed
the views of Valerie Solanas that males are biologically
inferior to women and violent by nature requiring a
gendercide to allow for the emergence of a "new
Übermensch Womon".[11]
The writer bell hooks has discussed the issue of "man
hating" during the early period of women's liberation as a
reaction to patriarchal oppression and women who have had
bad experiences with men in non-feminist social movements.
She has also criticized separatist strands of feminism as
"reactionary" for promoting the notion that men are
inherently immoral, inferior and unable to help end sexist
oppression or benefit from feminism.[12][13]
In Feminism is For Everybody, hooks laments the fact that
feminists who critiqued anti-male bias in the early women's
movement never gained mainstream media attention and that
"our theoretical work critiquing the demonization of men as
the enemy did not change the perspective of women who were
anti-male." hooks has theorized previously that this
demonization led to an unnecessary rift between the men's
movement and the women's movement.[14]
Though bell hooks doesn't name individual separatist
theorists, Mary Daly's utopian vision of a world in which
men and heterosexual women have been eliminated is an
extreme example of this tendency.[15] Daly argued
that sexual equality between men and women was not possible
and that women, due to their superior capacities, should
rule men.[16] Yet later, in an interview, Daly
argued "If life is to survive on this planet, there must be
a decontamination of the Earth. I think this will be
accompanied by an evolutionary process that will result in a
drastic reduction of the population of
males."[17]
Paul Nathanson and Katherine K. Young argued that
"ideological feminism" as opposed to "egalitarian feminism"
has imposed misandry on culture.[18] Their 2001
book, Spreading Misandry, analyzed "pop cultural artifacts
and productions from the 1990s" from movies to greeting
cards for what they considered to be pervasive messages of
hatred toward men. Legalizing Misandry (2005), the second in
the series, gave similar attention to laws in North
America.[citation needed]
Wendy McElroy, an individualist feminist,[19]
wrote in 2001 that some feminists "have redefined the view
of the movement of the opposite sex" as "a hot anger toward
men [that] seems to have turned into a cold
hatred."[20] She argued it was a misandrist position
to consider men, as a class, to be irreformable or
rapists.
Barbara Kay, a Canadian journalist, has been critical of
feminist Mary Koss's discussion of rape culture, describing
the notion that "rape represents an extreme behavior but one
that is on a continuum with normal male behavior within the
culture" as "remarkably misandric".[21]
Research with references to the
origins of misandry
In a study of 488 college students regarding ambivalent
sexism towards men, researchers found that women who did not
identify as feminists were more likely to be hostile towards
men than self-identified feminists, but also more likely to
hold benevolent views towards men.[22]
In a study of 503 self-identified heterosexual females,
social psychologists found an association between insecure
attachment styles and women's hostile sexism towards
men.[23]
Criticism of the use of the
term
In his 1997 book The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our
Patriarchal Legacy, sociologist Allan G. Johnson stated that
accusations of man-hating have been used to put down
feminists and shift attention onto men in a way that
reinforces male-centered culture.[24] Johnson said
that comparisons between misogyny and misandry are misguided
because mainstream culture offers no comparable anti-male
ideology. He says in his book that accusations of misandry
work to discredit feminism because "people often confuse men
as individuals with men as a dominant and privileged
category of people."[24] He wrote that given the
"reality of women's oppression, male privilege, and men's
enforcement of both, it's hardly surprising that every woman
should have moments where she resents or even hates
'men'."[24]
In the 2007 book International Encyclopedia of Men and
Masculinities, Marc A. Ouellette contrasted misandry with
misogyny, arguing that "misandry lacks the systemic,
transhistoric, institutionalized, and legislated antipathy
of misogyny" though acknowledging the possibility of
specific "racialized" misandries and the existence of a
"misandric impulse" in popular culture and
literature.[25] Anthropologist David D. Gilmore
argues that while misogyny is a "near-universal phenomenon"
there is no male equivalent to misogyny.[26] Gilmore
also states that misandry refers "not to the hatred of men
as men, but to the hatred of men's traditional male role"
and a "culture of machismo". Therefore, he argues, misandry
is "different from the intensely ad feminam aspect of
misogyny that targets women no matter what they believe or
do".[26]
In literature
Ancient Greek literature
Classics professor Froma Zeitlin of Princeton University
discussed misandry in her article titled "Patterns of Gender
in Aeschylean Drama: Seven against Thebes and the Danaid
Trilogy".[27] She writes:
The most significant point of contact, however,
between Eteocles and the suppliant Danaids is, in fact,
their extreme positions with regard to the opposite sex:
the misogyny of Eteocles' outburst against all women of
whatever variety (Se. 181-202) has its counterpart in the
seeming misandry of the Danaids, who although opposed to
their Egyptian cousins in particular (marriage with them
is incestuous, they are violent men) often extend their
objections to include the race of males as a whole and
view their cause as a passionate contest between the
sexes (cf. Su. 29, 393, 487, 818,
951).?[27]
Shakespeare
Literary critic Harold Bloom argued that even though the
word misandry is relatively unheard of in literature it is
not hard to find implicit, even explicit, misandry. In
reference to the works of Shakespeare Bloom argued "I cannot
think of one instance of misogyny whereas I would argue that
misandry is a strong element. Shakespeare makes perfectly
clear that women in general have to marry down and that men
are narcissistic and not to be trusted and so forth. On the
whole, he gives us a darker vision of human males than human
females."[28]
Charles Dickens
In Dickens' Great Expectations, the character Miss
Havisham is a caricature of a misandrist. Miss Havisham was
jilted on her wedding day, and is consumed with rage about
this event, and unable to move on in life. She plots and
successfully executes what she thinks of as a "revenge"
against the male gender, in the person of the protagonist,
Pip. However, she then realises that she has only caused
Pip, who is blameless, to suffer in turn what she suffered
a broken heart and repents and begs Pip's
forgiveness.[citation needed]
Modern literature
Critic of mainstream feminism Christina Hoff Sommers has
described Eve Ensler's play The Vagina Monologues as
misandric in that "there are no admirable males ... the play
presents a rogues gallery of male brutes, sadists,
child-molesters, genital mutilators, gang rapists and
hateful little boys" which she finds out of step with the
reality that "most men are not brutes. They are not
oppressors".[29]
Julie M. Thompson, a feminist author, connects misandry
with envy of men, in particular "penis envy", a term coined
by Sigmund Freud in 1908, in his theory of female sexual
development.[30] Nancy Kang has discussed "the
misandric impulse" in relation to the works of Toni
Morrison.[31]
In his book, Gender and Judaism: The Transformation of
Tradition, Harry Brod, a Professor of Philosophy and
Humanities in the Department of Philosophy and Religion at
the University of Northern Iowa, writes:
In the introduction to The Great Comic Book Heroes, Jules
Feiffer writes that this is Superman's joke on the rest of
us. Clark is Superman's vision of what other men are really
like. We are scared, incompetent, and powerless,
particularly around women. Though Feiffer took the joke
good-naturedly, a more cynical response would see here the
Kryptonian's misanthropy, his misandry embodied in Clark and
his misogyny in his wish that Lois be enamored of Clark
(much like Oberon takes out hostility toward Titania by
having her fall in love with an ass in Shakespeare's
Midsummer-Night's Dream).?[32]
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misandry
Ironic
Misandry: Why Feminists Pretending to Hate Men Isnt
Funny
The humor is lost on most people, and it's terrible PR for
feminism
If youve stumbled into certain feminist corners of
the Internet lately, you may have noticed the word misandry
cropping up. No, not by mens rights activists whining
that feminists hate men (or at least, not just by them). By
feminists. Who think its funny to use it
ironically.
But lets back up a little. What exactly IS
misandry, you ask? It is literally the hatred of men (in
ancient Greek, mis means hatred, and
andro means male or masculine). It is the
inverse of misogyny.
When feminists joke that they are misandrists, they are
riffing off the misguided popular notion that they are
man-haters. They mean to satirize the women who say they are
not feminists because they love men. Its an inside,
inside joke.
Granted, there is something amusing about a girlish
decorative sampler with misandry embroidered in
purple thread, in the way that gross contrast is often
amusing. And theres something droll about a quiz that
measures your level of misandry by asking if youve
cut a mans hair off while hes sleeping
thus destroying his power, or a list of reimagined
misandrist lullabies like, Hush little baby,
dont say a word / Ever; your sister is
talking.
And the urge to fight these misconceptions about
feminists with humor is understandable. Obviously, very few
feminists actually hate men as a whole, and none actually
want to kill all men or drink male
tears as some of these so-called ironists like to
joke.
But the irony is all too often lost, despite recent
arguments that the right kind of guys are in on the joke and
love it. But the anecdotal evidence of that is not
convincing, and those friends of women who like to use the
word misandry might are likely to be a self-selecting group.
Last year, a 2013 HuffPost/YouGov poll found that only 23
percent of women and 16 percent of men consider themselves
to be feminists. Of that 16 percent, surely even fewer would
find jokes about misandry funny.
Parodying the tropes of feminisms enemies is not,
in itself, unfunny or unhelpful. Consider Leandra
Medines engaging site Man Repeller, which riffs off of
and rejects the notion that womens fashion is all
about attracting men. And its empowering to
reappropriate labels like witch and
bra-burner that have been flung as criticism at
women who dare to question the oppressive status quo. A new
Twitter account, @WomanAgainstFeminism, takes on the popular
hashtag used by women who disavow the movement with
satirical rationales that humorously point out all the ways
that women do need feminism.
But inherent in this word misandry is hatred.
And inherent in phrases like ban men and
male tears are cruelty and violence. If a man
wore a tee shirt that said misogynist, even if
he were a dyed-in-the-wool feminist, wearing it
tongue-in-cheek, it would not be funny. It would be
misguided.
What feminists really hate is the patriarchythe web
of institutions that systemically oppress women. And to tear
it down, we need as many allies as we can get. Telling half
the population that we hate them, even in jest, is not the
way to do that. Feminism is still very much engaged in the
battle for hearts and minds; appealing to the sense of humor
of a very small minority of the population can be a good way
to alienate the rest. Thats not to say that feminists
should water down their true demands and complaints to
appeal to broader swaths of the population. Nevertheless, to
get folks on your side, you need an an appealing message.
Humor can help. But ironic misandry is just bad PR.
Source: time.com/3101429/misandry-misandrist-feminist-womenagainstfeminism/
48 surprisingly damaging things that
men hear all the time.
Earlier this December, the Huffington Post put out a wildly
popular video in which women young and old repeated the
sexist phrases they hear during a lifetime.
With phrases ranging from "you're so pretty" to "what
were you wearing that night," the two-minute video captured
what it's like to live in a culture that unfairly defines
your worth based on the fact that you happen to be a
woman.
Now it's the men's turn to explain the things they
hear in a lifetime.
In "48 Things Men Hear in a Lifetime (That Are Bad for
Everyone)," another video from the Huffington Post, men
repeat the phrases that often shape how they treat women and
each other. Although we don't discuss it much, men also feel
that they're often viewed through a narrow lens.
Surprisingly, a lot of the comments in this video deal
with stereotypes that are similar to what women face, too,
just with a masculine spin.
For example:
1. Men are also judged on their looks.
To illustrate how much women are judged by their looks,
the "48 Things Women Hear" video begins and ends with
comments reflecting this: "You're so pretty" and "You must
have been beautiful when you were younger."
While men might not hear this as incessantly as women,
they're also judged on physical characteristics that they
have no control over, and are often told they need to fit a
stereotypical masculine ideal. This means they're judged on
things like being tall, being able to grow facial hair ("You
can't even grow a beard!"), and "being buff."
Scientific studies point out that women are judged more
strongly by their physical attractiveness than their male
counterparts, but as this video shows, men experience this
too sometimes to the point of excluding their
personality and capabilities.
2. Men are told that they shouldn't do girly
things.
We hammer this notion into boys' heads from a young age:
what toys they should play with and what emotions they
should or should not express.
Anything perceived as "girly" is off-limits. In this way,
boys are discouraged from freely exploring what they might
truly like.
And this doesn't change as they grow up, either. For
example, while women are questioned for drinking "manly"
drinks like whiskey, men are ridiculed for picking a poison
that's not stereotypically masculine.
3. Men are also taught not to have feelings.
Most men don't dare get emotional, lest someone ask, "Are
you on your period?" (See also "Don't be such a pussy" and
"You're so sensitive for a guy.") or make insinuations about
sexual orientation. Apparently, the same insults that are
lobbed at women can be thrown at men for daring to show
emotion at all.
Perhaps The Cure's "Boys Don't Cry" says it best:
"I try to laugh about it
Cover it all up with lies
I try and
Laugh about it
Hiding the tears in my eyes
'cause boys don't cry
Boys don't cry"
Real talk, though: Expressing emotion should not equal
emasculation. Both men and women would do well to remember
that.
4. Women are shamed for their sexuality. Men are
encouraged to do the shaming.
"Don't be a slut."
"No guy wants to have sex with a virgin."
Those were two comments featured in the "48 Things Women
Hear" video that capture the sexual double standard women
face. But in their video, men are encouraged to play into
this double standard, too.
Men didn't make these contradictory rules up themselves.
Other men and perhaps even other women have passed down such
notions for generations. Plus, this video reminds us that
men are even judged by similar standards to women in this
regard, with people commonly asking a man, "You're still a
virgin?"
Then there's the notion that men should feel entitled to
whatever they want sexually, perhaps to mitigate the
perception that they're virginal and therefore weak:
And the fact that most bad behavior is then excused with
this cliche:
Not all men are perpetrators of rape culture, and not all
women are victims of it. But both are at a disadvantage when
certain notions are pushed on any gender.
"48 Things Men Hear in a Lifetime" shows more than just
how sexism affects society's more favored gender. It also
shows how men are taught to subscribe to sexist notions in
order to come off as more masculine, as a "real man."
And sometimes those notions don't come from men
themselves, but from all of us.
We can't solve sexism without men taking stock of
their own beliefs and without reflecting on how women play
into those beliefs as well.
Let's think twice before we say certain things about how
men and women "should" act according to gender.
Watch the entire video below:
1:37
Source: www.upworthy.com/48-surprisingly-damaging-things-that-men-hear-all-the-time?c=upw1&u=07fa0e7f2d23f338b4a3b29d16b2a71a4c4e496bw
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